The Internet The Crime Solvers Technological Watson

Firstname Lastname Professor Firstname Lastname Coursename # 19 May 2013 The Internet: The Crime Solvers Technological Watson The popularity of television shows such as CSI and NCIS has raised public awareness of forensic science and increased the demand for information on the topic and its sub-specialities. The Internet has proven to be valuable resource because there is such a great deal of information that is both free and easily accessible. Just as the great fictional detective Sherlock Holmes solved crimes with the help of Dr. Watson, todays crime solvers have a sort of technological Watson in the Internet, a tool that provides information and resources. The purpose of this paper is to explore three uses of the Internet for crime-solving and specific web sites that crime solvers will find useful. Some experts believe that the science of recording fingerprints has existed for thousands of years, although it is only since the late 1800s that fingerprints were used in fighting crime (How fingerprinting improves criminal investigations). Fingerprints were taken using ink and paper, then stored with an individuals personal information. Although fingerprint records were used successfully, the system was time-consuming and cumbersome, often requiring weeks or months to process a single submission. In addition to the inability to process records expeditiously, there were opportunities for records to get misfiled or lost. Computers were first used to process

Essay on Information on the Republic of Chile - 532 Words

1.0 Introduction Chile, officially known as the Republic of Chile, is one of South America’s most stable and affluent countries. The purpose of this report is to research the country of Chile and investigate whether it is a suitable country and market for the Australian leisure and gym wear business ‘Alvernian’ to successfully enter into. This expansion will involve a serious commitment of both financial and human resources therefore it is imperative to investigate the country of Chile and formulate strategies upon entering. This was discovered through resources such as business textbooks, library books and the World Wide Web. This report will also outline the key elements of the international business environment, the key concepts of†¦show more content†¦3.0 Strategies for Managing International Business Strategies for managing international business consist of marketing management, operations management, finance management, and human resource management. 3.1 Marketing Management The function of marketing is to focus on the needs of consumers as well as consider wider influences (such as pressure from key stakeholder and an ever-increasing competitive business environment) to ensure that the very best decisions are made for the business. (Business Organisation and Management for QLD) This is the ultimate goal for businesses to enhance their current position by taking advantages of opportunities existing in the global market place. Benefits of marketing management include that better economies of scale can be achieved and new approaches will be recognised which can be further utilised. Also diversifying markets means more financial stability which will be talked about later. 3.2 Operations Management Operations management refers to the activities involved in the actual production of goods and services: this is the part of an organisation that has to ‘get the job done’ (Business Organisation and Management for QLD) Operations management involves global sourcing in which a business seeks to find the most cost efficient location for manufacturing a product, even if the location is a foreign country; in this case Chile. For instance, if manufacturing and delivery costs are lower in Chile due toShow MoreRelated1. Who are the country’s main competitors and how is it positioned relative to these main1100 Words   |  5 Pageseconomy, 2012 (Latin American and the Caribbean) Country FDI in 2012 (Millions of dollars) 1. Brazil 65 271.85165 2. British Virgin Islands 64 895.73812 3. Chile 30 323.047 4. Colombia 15 822.93615 5. Argentina 12 551.11934 6. Peru 12 239.67185 7. Cayman Islands 4234.45103 8. Dominican Republic 3609.6 9. Venezuela 3216 Dominican Republic holds the 8th position in FDI inflows in the Latin America Caribbean sector, just above Venezuela, according to 2012 data provided by The World Bank . Due toRead MoreNatural Disasters, A Study Of Events1596 Words   |  7 Pagescurrent times. Finally, we will cover how we could better predict future events and plan accordingly. We will explore the effects of Hurricane Andrew on Homestead, Florida, the 2010 earthquake on Haiti and a tsunami event that occurred in 1868 in Arica, Chile. For each of these events we will also look at the recovery efforts these cities took in order to rebuild following these disasters. Natural Disasters, A Study of Events 3 Natural Disasters, A Study of Events Natural disasters are byRead MoreA Educational Excellence And Standards For More Than 30 Years Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironment full of cultural variety. 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Destroyed Memory free essay sample

Memory: Is there a more fragile faculty? Without it, what are we? It is the only record we have of who we were and what we want to become. Take it away and only a spiritless machine is left, free of conviction, free of purpose.† On Borrowed Words: A Memoir of Language by Ilan Stavans â€Å"Do I know you? ’Cause you look awfully familiar,† I innocently asked, gazing up at the nurse who had been with me for four hours. Each time she came to check on me, she would ask if I remembered who she was. Helplessly, I could not respond or remember because of a severe concussion I had gotten during lacrosse practice. I was confused, wondering why my sister was home and opening our front door even though I had celebrated her return from college the night before. Why was I being lifted into an ambulance as fear overtook me, screaming and flailing to get away? I drifted aimlessly through the hospital on a stretcher repeating phrases and constantly asking what day it was while back in my room, patiently standing around my hospital bed, my family attempted to start conversations which left me staring at them in bewilderment. We will write a custom essay sample on Destroyed Memory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What are we without our memory besides formless, disoriented and lost? What if I had destroyed my memory forever and could not remember the simple beauty of the faces of those I love? My favorite pastimes books and friends would have vanished. I would have been left in a state of solitary confinement, unable to escape. The simple joys that once filled my life would have disappeared. I would have to rebuild my entire world of memories. A precious, fragile instrument that you must never take for granted, our memory preserves our hopes and dreams; it tells us who we are today and what we strive to become. Without your memory, you cannot combat the battles of consciousness or bask in the familiarities of life. Each breath is an unknown, a mystery to solve that will promptly be forgotten. Each day stands as a new beginning to relearn the events of your life. Your loved ones, your hobbies, your simple pleasures swirl away with the dust. Your eyes that gaze out into the abyss of foreign entities glaze over with forgotten tears. In need of sacred preservation, our memory proves irreplaceable.

Juvenile Delinquency and Conduct Disorder free essay sample

According to Dryfoos, Juvenile delinquency generally refers to behavior of youth that violate the social norms, like commit socially unacceptable behavior and the criminal acts. According to juvenile delinquency ordinance, juvenile delinquency applies to those whose aged between 7- 20. As juvenile delinquency accounts for significant proportion of crime rate in Hong Kong, therefore, the cause of it should be considered. In this easy, the characteristics of the youth will be outlined to serves as the foundation to analysis the cause of crime. Then, I will briefly illustrate the similarities and differences of the macro-level learning theories and the micro-level learning theories. Afterwards, I will apply the above theories in analyzing the juvenile delinquency in Hong Kong, aiming to explain that the micro-level learning theories are more comprehensive in explaining the cause of crime. The characteristics of the adolescents Adolescent is the transition period from childhood to adulthood. Such onset of puberty forces a child to be more adult like and therefore shows the following characteristics. We will write a custom essay sample on Juvenile Delinquency and Conduct Disorder or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page First, In order to look like a worthwhile individual, teenagers long for independence. Therefore, they usually view authority as sources for intervening their life and thus usually hostile to authorities, like parents, teachers and police. On the contrary, they want to experience the independence by spending time with friends, research shows that adolescent usually spend twice more time with friends , therefore their thought and action are susceptible to be influenced by deviant peers. Further, teenagers are moodiness as a result of rapid changes in the hormone levels. Therefore, juvenile crime usually is a result of sensation-seeking, without obvious goals and target. Therefore, the above factors show that the immaturity both physically and mentally cause them to be more likely to commit crime. Even the characteristics of the adolescent cause crime, the macro-level learning theory and the micro-level learning theory should also be illustrated. We aims to show that with the characteristics of hostility towards authority and the longing for peer acceptance, juvenile delinquency should be better explained by the micro-level learning theories. Macro-level learning theories The macro-level learning theories focus on explaining the structural characteristics that cause juvenile delinquency. The Macro-Level learning theories include both anomie and strain theory. Anomie refers to a states of low level of moral regualation from rapid social changes , while the strain theories means that people do not follow the social norms to achieve their goals. Both theories views that crime exists because specific groups hold value that are conducive to crime or justify crime in some circumstances. Under such situation, the approval of crime serves as the motivation for crime for those groups. However, there are differences held by the anomie and strain theories in explaining the cause of crime. Their differences are that Anomie is better in explaining why some societies have a higher crime rate. Anomie states that crime exists when a society is placed too much emphasized on the cultural goals and relatively less emphasized on the means to achieve the goals. As a result, the traditional institution fail to regulate the goal seeking behavior, so people tend to achieve the cultural goals illegitimately. The society of which is characterized by anomie where people behavior is subject to less regulation. On the contrary, the strain theory is further developed to precisely explain how the lower class people are pressurized to commit crime. In general, they views that the inability to access the cultural goals produce strain on people. In details, Merton proposed that there are five forms of adaption to strain. However, only the illegitimacy adjustment will cause crime. The first type of the illegitimate adjustment is innovation, which describe people to achieve goal through illegitimate means. The second type of adjustment include substituting alternative goals which may leads to crime, the examples includes rebellion and retreatism. Micro-level learning theory The Micro-level analysis attempts to explain how the individual engage in crime. The differential association and social learning theories shares characteristics on this theory. Both theories emphasize that juvenile delinquent is learned, particularly from intimate others. Also, the association that occurred early in life, over long period of time, frequently are more conducive to crime exists. However, social learning theory specified in explaining that the peer groups is a important social context in which the person learned to defined the law as favorable or unfavorable through the interactions with intimate others. During those associations, the criminal learned the technique and definition that are conducive to crime as afterwards individuals will rationalized and changed their attitudes, that encourages the violation of the law. Therefore, a person becomes delinquent because of an excess of definition favorable to violate the law, which is the result of frequent contact with criminal partners. However, the social learning theories are the extension of the Sutherland differential association theory, emphasized equally on the four mechanism by which the criminal behavior is learned through observations. The mechanism includes differential association, definitions, differential reinforcement and imitation. Therefore, Sutherland believes that crime can be learned indirectly by associating with the distant reference group and values. After this differential association, crime is likely when an individual attach the positive and neutral meaning to crime. These definitions made crime morally accepted and justified for the individual. The third mechanism is the differential reinforcement, which means that crime is likely when the individual expects the outcomes for the criminal behavior produce greater amount of tangible and intangible reinforcement than that of the negative outcomes. The fourth is that imitation of the criminal behavior, which is likely when the models have positive outcomes. After examining the characteristics of the teenagers and the sociological theory of crime, we will use the following case to show that the differential association and social learning theory offer a better explanation in the cause of the juvenile delinquency. Drug abuse Differential association and the social learning theories is a better explanation of drug abuse among teenagers. A study carried out by the Hong Kong federation of youth group (HKFYP) shows that teenagers’ first experience with drug is mostly caused by the peer influences. Delinquent friends are the main channel of acquiring drug . The finding is also supported by a local example. An example is from Anna. The reason is that she faces difficulties in adapting to the secondary school life, later she started to take drug as she once went to Disco with her friends, she first feels uncomfortable after taking drug at first, but she became addicted to drug because of friends persuasion. The above cases show that Micro-level learning theories are better than the Macro-level learning theories in explaining drug abuse. The anomic and strain theories will explain the increases in drug abuses are due to the rise in materialism. Such conditions leads the traditional institution, like family fails to effectively socialize individual to relieve their depression in the positive way, meanwhile, teenagers have more monetary resources to relief their depression. Therefore, without sufficient social control, teenagers will try to retreat from the ways and means that society accept and take drug with their friends. However, when considering the characteristics of the teenagers, the differential and social learning theories are more precise in explaining the cause of drug abuse It is known that the media and the parents always promote the message of defending drug abuse. The results are that teenagers felt their freedom are threatened and want to get away from the authority. One solution is that they want to challenge the authority, and meanwhile experienced the freedom through taking drug with friends. Therefore, the differential and social learning theories are better in explaining drug abuse is a learned behavior through associating with the delinquent friends . Such exposure to delinquent friends leads teenagers to attach a positive definition favorable to take drug. For examples, teenagers tend to view drug abuse as a normal part of social life, especially in disco. The delinquent friends will also serves as a role model and people learn the technique of how others take drug through observations. Further, teenagers will become drug addicted as they receive non-social and social reinforcement. The social reinforcement is the continuous support from the delinquent friends. Also, the non-social reinforcement comes from teenagers getting physically high after repeatedly taking drug. Those reinforcements increase the tendency of drug taking and thus cause drug abuses. Therefore, the social learning and differential association theories can explain that apart from recognition of friends the differential perception of reward would cause shoplifting. In this case, the teenagers regard recognition by peer is reinforcement while paying effort to Shoplifting Differential association and social learning theory is a better explanation of the cause of crime. Here we will illustrate it with two local examples . One is that a boy come from middle class steal a cup noodle with his friends, which priced at $9 in a convenience store. Another case is that two teenagers steal a latest mobile phone, they are familiar with the way of stealing and successful stole the mobile phone within five minutes. Anomic and strain theories can explain the shoplifting in terms of the rise of materialism. That means parents,schools are likely to focus on the material success, so the traditional value of gaining money in proper way is devalued by the parents. Thus, the tradition institution fails to socialize the juvenile. Therefore, the juvenile will tend to use less effort to gain the material success, thus the shoplifting is easier to occur. Therefore, the shoplifting is characterized by innovation, which means juvenile turn to use fewer efforts but can still achieve the material that they want. The above cases show that the things stolen are not very expensive, therefore, shoplifting is not stemmed from severe strain, and rather it reflects the want for peer recognition. Teenagers want to be independence and peer acceptance is one way that they can feel confident about themselves apart from their family. As peer acceptance is so important that teenagers will conform to the life of their delinquent friends. When considering the above characteristics of teenagers, the differential association and social learning theories can better explain the cause of shoplifting. The Macro-level learning theories can explain the shoplifting as associated with the intimate friends, such exposure to the delinquent friend leads the teenagers conform to the norms of the delinquent groups through attaching a positive meaning to the shoplifting. As the cases I mentioned, the shoplifting happened with other delinquent friends. Through observing the process and consequences of stealing by peers, the teenagers will learn the stealing technique. The intimation of skills of teenagers is usually resulted in recognition by the friends as reinforcing the shoplifting. Therefore, shoplifting is a learned skill that was rewarding to the individual. Generally, the macro-level learning theories can address the characteristics of the teenagers and further explain associate with delinquent friends will cause of shoplifting. Vandalism is better explained by the differential association and the social learning theory. Here we will illustrate with one local example. During the mid-autumn festival, the youth gang did a bus terminus arson. one of the boy claiming himself as the doer in the facebook and later arrested. The anomie and strain theory explain it in terms of the rise of individualism. Individualism promotes the exercise of one goal and interests. That means the juvenile focus on their own exercise, meanwhile, the traditional value like civil minded is less emphasized. Therefore, the juvenile tends to commit vandalism without guilt as they believe that others will be responsible for cleaning the mass made by them. Vandalism is characterized by the innovation, which means the juvenile still keep their goal but is using a news means to release themselves. The differential association and the social learning theory offers a better explanation in the cause of crime. The reason is that they can explained that the vandalism is usually done with delinquent friends, than the juvenile usually attached a favorable definition to vandal. The vandal can serves as a role model, teenagers can learn the process ofo destructing public property and the rewarding consequences of vandal behavior. In conclusion, the anomie and strain theories of crime offer better explanation of juvenile delinquency than the differential association and social learning theories is invalid as most of the cases can be explained more comprehensively by the differential and social learning theories, so the validity of this statement depends on cases. , while the Micro-Level learning theories explain the individual differences in committing crime.

The House of Mirth

The House of Mirth Free Online Research Papers In Edith Whartons novel, The House of Mirth, the main protagonist, Lily Bart moves back and forth between dreams of marriage and equally strong desires for independence and freedom. Despite her training on the social codes of conduct and etiquette, which was ingrained into her daily existence by her mother, Lily exhibits frequent moments of recklessness that threaten her opportunities in the marriage market. Why does a well-trained, economically motivated, twenty-nine year old virgin risk her chances for a financial and social safe-haven? With the aid of Jacques Lacans theories in the formation of subjectivity in the psyche, an analysis of Lily Barts history and background should help answer this question. In Lacans analysis, there are three orders in the psyche that are crucial and equally important to the formation of subjectivity, they are the Imaginary, the Symbolic, and the Real (Lacan, 1975). In order to understand why Lily Bart continually sabotages her efforts to achieve what she frequently refers to as escape from the dinginess of her present life, (Wharton, 2000) an examination of the Imaginary order must first be made. According to Lacan the human self comes into being through a fundamentally aesthetic recognition. Through an external medium (a mirror) the childs fragmented body is made whole the newly fashioned specular I precedes the social I. The Imaginary originates in the human beings fascination with form (Lacan, 1975). In the case of Lily Bart, the form that she is most fascinated with is her own. Lilys constant mirror gazing initiates the process of constructing a center for herself or her ego. As Terry Eagleton explains, This self, as the mirror situation suggests, is essentially narcissistic: we arrive at a sense of an I by finding that I reflected back to ourselves by some objects or person in the world (Eagleton, 1983). In Lilys case, it is not surprising that her first misrecognition of her image has been supplied by her mother. Her mother looks upon Lilys beauty as a commodity or means to a profitable end. Mrs. Bart studied Lily’s beauty with a kind of passion, as though it were some weapon she had slowly fashioned for her vengeance. It was the last asset in their fortunes, the nucleus around which their life was to be rebuilt. She watched it jealously as though it were her own property and Lily its mere custodian; and she tried to instill into the latter a sense of the responsibility that such a charge involved (Wharton, 2000). Inevitably, Lily also sees herself as a commodity. Her fragmented ego is formed on the basis of her significance as an object whose value is determined by the power of its marketability. As Lacan explains, the ego is just this narcissistic process whereby we bolster up a fictive sense of unitary selfhood by finding something in the world with which we can identify (Eagleton, 1983).Lilys sense of identity is directly tied to the objectification of her beauty. She is willing to auction it off to the highest bidder in the marriage market because as Lawrence Selden so accurately observes, it was what she was brought up for (Wharton, 2000). Even though it may have been what Lily was brought up for, we find that the objectification of Lilys beauty is not an indulgence, but it eventually becomes a means for her survival. According to Jacques Lacan, the two most significant moments in the development of human subjectivity and ego development occur in the mirror stage and the oedipal stage. Both of these stages aid the subject in their passage through the imaginary to the symbolic. These two concepts are clearly defined in James Mellards book, Using Lacan Reading Fiction. Mellard explains that the child who previously perceives itself as pieces or fragments is unified in the mirror image of its other, the mother. But this assumed, narcissistic unity is eventually split by the function called the Oedipus complex (Mellard, 1991). In Lacanian terms, the Oedipus complex can also be referred to as the Law of the Father. This principal theory, Law of the Father, is defined by Lacan as an acceptance of the loss of the paternal metaphor the phallus and a willingness on the part of the subject to follow patriarchal authority or law. Lilys desire for independence and freedom lies in direct conflict with what Lacan terms as the Law of the Father or patriarchal law. The phallus and the Name-of-the-Father symbolize that which comes between the mother and child, separating the one from the other, â€Å"symbolizing that which the mother does not have (Lacan, 1975). A monumental moment in Lilys ego formation occurs when her father announces to Lily and Mrs. Bart that he is financially ruined. Wharton describes Mr. Bart as a hazy outline neutral-tinted figure that Lily saw through a blurfirst of sleepiness, then of distance and indifference (Wharton, 2000).In the imaginary Lilys feelings of security and vanity are provided by her dominant mother. Lilys life changes, however, when the power and authority of her father is diminished. Along a metonymic chain of signifiers, Lily realizes that money, power, security, and social standing are all contained under the signifier, father, and upon her fathers death, her world is no longer the same. The death of Lilys father shows her how precarious life is for women who are not under the protection of men. Lily and her mother, devoid of income, rely on the hospitality and charity of relatives. At the age of eighteen, Lilys world is shattered and the only tool available for her use was her face. She rememb ers her mother fiercely stating, â€Å"you’ll get it all back, with your face (Wharton, 2000). The death of Lilys mother further fragments Lilys image of herself. When Mrs. Bart was alive, she was a willing participant in the preparation of her daughter in the marriage market. Now, Lilys reflection is offset by the other prospective virgins of her society and sees the disadvantage that motherlessness places on her task of finding a wealthy husband. Lily concludes that, Mr. Gryces arrival had fluttered the maternal breasts of New York and when a girl has no mother to palpitate for her; she needs be on the alert for herself (Wharton, 2000). Lily feels the loss of support, guidance and self-interest that her mother would have provided if she were still alive. Mrs. Barts death inhibits Lilys transference to the symbolic and further mires her in the imaginary where she mourns the loss of, or lack of a mother. Lilys actions, on the surface, personify an individual who is willing to follow patriarchal authority or law. She appears to be willing to assume traditional gender roles as a wife in her society, but she repeatedly makes decisions that, ultimately, sabotage her chances for success. This repetition suggests that there are other desires that she is repressing. Even though outwardly she is willing to give herself away in exchange for money and social position, internally she struggles with her desire for personal freedom. Consequently, according to Lacan, these repressed desires result in a split or divided self. Lacan further explains that the subject is essentially in a state of conflict between the symbolic and imaginary (Lacan, 1975). The phallic symbol for Lily is money and this represents not only patriarchal law but also freedom. Lilys state of conflict between both orders result from her desire for freedom, which involves money and can only be provided by marriage to a wealthy man which will further make her a victim of the civilization which had produced her (Wharton, 2000) and deny her the personal freedom she desires. Lily is constantly driven to accept the symbols of authority in her world and through them the rule of the Symbolic order. The signifiers of this order constantly appear in aspects that Lacan calls the gaze, along with the metonymical imagery associated with it such as the charwomans stare, the stream of admiring looks, and the several hundred pairs of eyes that gaze upon her beauty or scrutinize her actions. Together these, along with other examples, represent one of the most important motifs in Whartons narrative. The gaze, as Lacan might say, cuts in many directions, as it links the subject to the object and by that linkage turns each into the other. Lily Bart is metaphorically trapped under the gaze which dominates as a double for the New York leisure society who uses their prescribed laws and codes to continually judge Lilys acceptability. Lilys values and self-worth are defined by the perceptions and opinions of others. She is seduced by the ways in which society eagerly reflec ts back upon the heroine, the image it encourages her to flash. A strong example of this can be seen in Whartons tableaux vivants scene where Lilys portrayal of Reynolds, Mrs. Lloyd, shows Lily in the role of an erotic object that exists for others, while alienating her own subjectivity and transferring to those who wish to behold or enjoy her beauty. According to Lacan this narcissistic identification with the other enables her to see her function and place of her world and her being (Lacan, 1975). Is this truly the real Lily Bart, divested of the trivialities of her little world, or is it according to that experienced connoisseur Mr. Ned Van Alstyne just a deuced bold thing showing herself (Wharton, 2000). Lacan would suggest that Lily caught in the gaze of her spectators becomes whatever each of them fantasize her to be. Even though this gaze would initially illicit a sense of accomplishment and self-satisfaction from Lily, she is quite literally on display and there is an emptiness or lack of value that this public display provides her in her search for self. Lily is adept at attracting the gaze of others, and sees herself as a skillful operator (Wharton, 2000). Early in the novel, she sets her sights on the eligible and wealthy Percy Gryce, and feels confident and almost sure that she, â€Å"landed him, with a few days work, she would win her reward (Wharton, 2000). Despite the financial security and status that a marriage to Percy Gryce would mean to Lilys escape from dinginess, she does everything possible to sabotage her success. She complains that the reward itself seemed unpalatable just then she could get no zest from the thought of victory (Wharton, 2000). Lily describes the courting process with Gryce as a chore but realizes that, she could not ignore him on the morrow, she must follow up her success, must submit to more boredom, must be ready with fresh compliances and adaptabilities, and all on the bare chance that he might ultimately decide to do her the honor of boring her for life. It was a hateful fatebut how escapes from it (Wharton, 2000)? Even with marriage ability on the line, she takes a day off and indulges in her own desires with Selden. In this scene, Lily tries with Seldens help to define the meaning of success. Selden expresses his idea of success as being a form of freedom from everythingfrom money, from poverty, from ease and anxiety, from all material accidents a kind of republic of the spirit (Wharton, 2000). Seldens description awakens in Lily a sense of joy and enthusiasm, and he is able to put into language the desire or jouissance that is missing in Lilys life. Lacan explains that to enter language is to be severed from the real, that inaccessible realm which is always beyond the reach of signification, always outside the symbolic order (Eagleton, 1983). Lacan further defines the Real as the truth that we repress. Once that which we desire is the object of discourse, it no longer can maintain the position of jouissance because it becomes real or truth. Lacan tells us that language is, what hollows being into desire. Language divides uparticulatesthe fullness of the imaginary. To enter language is to be severed from what Lacan calls the real, that inaccessible realm which is always beyond the reach of signification, always outside the symbolic order (Lacan, 1975). Lacans contribution to the understanding of the subject is unique because, unlike Freud, he accounted for the power that the social/linguistic world plays in the formation of the self. Lacan viewed the interaction between the linguistic and the ego as a process in constant fluctuation just as the subject is in a constant state of fluctuation between the Imaginary and Symbolic orders. The Real is expressed in the form of discourse, and it can only be studied in its effects on the other two dimensions, the Imaginary and Symbolic (Lacan, 1975). Lily comes close to being able to express her lack or desire or void in words. She eagerly tells Selden, Whenever I see you, I find myself spelling out a letter of the sign and yesterdaylast evening at dinnerI suddenly saw a little way into your republic (Wharton, 2000). Lily is in the process of trying to find out what the word is that is written on the sign that will lead her into the republic of spirit. Unfortunately, even upon her death this word is never spoken between her and Selden. Selden and Lilys discourse is structured similarly to what Lacan refers to as the language of the unconscious. He further explains that, the unconscious is structured, not amorphous, and it speaks rhetorically through the dreams, mistakes, and symptoms of the subject it is the body itself that provides the raw material that the unconscious uses to express itself and the analyst, like a literary critic must read (Lacan, 1975). In Lacanian theory, the conscious and the unconscious cannot be separated. The unconscious bears the marks of the signifiers impressed on it. Selden seems to understand that there is something different about his conversation with Lily. Something he does not usually experience with others. He concludes that ,he himself did not know why he had led their talk along such lines; it was one of those moments when neither seemed to speak deliberately, when an indwelling voice in each called to the other across unsounded depths of feeling (Wharton, 2000) This unconscious expression of the subjects wants and desires goes along way in explaining why Lily had a fatalistic sense of being drawn from one wrong turning to another without ever perceiving the right road till it was too late to take it (Wharton, 2000). In the House of Mirth, Lily Barts unconscious speaks volumes about the decisions that she makes with her life. On more than one occasion, Lily seems to be following a path and then quickly changes her mind about the direction she is going. Carry Fisher assumes that,† its just flightiness but sometimes I think its because, at heart, she despises the things shes trying for (Wharton, 2000). In the end, it is not language but silence that dominates Lilys actions. When Gerty Farish asks Lily to tell her the truth about what happened in Europe, Lily explains to Gerty that Where a woman is concerned, its the story thats easiest to believe (Wharton, 2000). Both Sim Rosedale and George Dorset offer Lily options that will place her back in a position in the New York society that she is accustomed to; however, at the moment that she must make her decision, suddenly fear possessed her, fear of herself and of the terrible force of the temptation (Wharton, 2000). George Dorset appeals to Lily, Its just a word to say, and you put me out of my misery! (Wharton, 2000). Rosedale offers to financially back Lily in her fight against Bertha Dorset. He implores Lily, Here I am ready to lift you out of your [worries] tomorrow, if you say so. Do you say so, Miss Lily? (Wharton, 2000); but Miss Lily never says so. She maintains her silence even when she knows that the words will redeem her in the eyes of a society who has cruelly judged her all her life. Berthas letters are also a metaphor for the silence that Lily keeps at the end. In burning the words that Bertha has written, Lily refuses to allow language to save her. Lacan would say that Lily has reversed into the pre-oedipal stage where language is unavailable to the subjects identification. She is painfully isolated and the loneliness and despair that exist in the last moments of Lilys life are evident. She wonders, If only life could end nowend on this tragic yet sweet vision of lost possibilities, which gave her a sense of kinship with all the loving and foregoing in the world! (Wharton, 2000) Terry Eagleton explains that, according to Freud, The final goal of life is death, a return to that blissful inanimate state where the ego cannot be injured (Eagleton, 1983). Lacan also agrees that when we are severed from the mothers body: after the Oedipus crisis, we will never again be able to attain this state even though we will spend all of our lives hunting for it (Eagleton, 1983). It is under the fatal effects of chloral, which Lily returns to this pre-oedipal state. The significance of the baby that she holds in her arms indicates that Lily is either expressing a lost sense of possibilities of motherhood or she is in fact hallucinating her own rebirth in the form of the imaginary baby. Through death, her maternal longings are satisfied with the reunion of this unreal child. It is also significant that Wharton suggests that Lily does not merely dream of the child, but she actually feels its soft, bodily presence (Wharton, 2000). She becomes frantic and desperate as a flash of loneliness and terror tore its way .She started up again, cold and trembling with the shock; for a moment she seemed to have lost her hold of the child. But noshe was mistakenthe tender pressure of its body was still close to hers; the recovered warmth flowed through her once more, she yielded to it (Wharton, 2000). Lily returns to the pre-oedipal stage to seek the reassurance, comfort and warmth that she cannot find in the harsh reality of her New York world. Rather than conform to society, she retreats, and it is only in death that Lily finds the last letters of the signpost that show her the way into the republic of spirit. Eagleton, T. (1983). Literary Theory and Introduction. Great Britain: Blackwell Publishers, Ltd. Lacan, J. (1975). The Language of The Self: The Function of Language in Psychoanalysis. New York: Dell Publishing Company. Leitch, V. B. (2001). The Mirror Stage as Formative The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. New York: W.W. Norton and Company. Mellard, J. M. (1991). Using Lacan Reading Fiction. Urbana: Univerwsity of Ilinois Press. Wharton, E. (2000). The House of Mirth. New York: Signet Classic. Research Papers on The House of MirthWhere Wild and West MeetAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThree Concepts of PsychodynamicAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMind TravelHip-Hop is Art

7 Most Common SAT Math Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

7 Most Common SAT Math Mistakes and How to Avoid Them SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips I spent several years tutoring students in SAT Math, and many found the section frustrating. The first test-takers for the new SAT in March felt the same. Some struggled because they felt their strong suit was English and were irkedby the content, mental math, and the pacing of SAT Math. Others found that although they considered themselvesexcellent math students, they struggled to finish and get the score they want. No matter what group theyfell into, students tended to make the same seven mistakes on the SAT Math section. In this guide, I’ll tell you what those mistakes are, give you examples, and let you know to avoid making these mistakes in the future. Mistake 1: You Didn’t Write Out All of the Steps Some students hate writing out their work for math problems.I know; I'mone of them.Trust me, while SAT Math problems may look simple since they only require you to know basic math topics (i.e. no advanced calculus), these problems are actually quite intricate, requiring you to go through many steps to get the correct answer. If you don’t write out all of these steps, you can accidentally end up with the wrong answer.This is especially important in the non-calculator section where you’re not able to rely on a calculator to help you find the correct answer. Together, we’ll work through this no-calculator SAT Math question and write out all of the steps: To determine what the price per pound of beef was when it was equal to the price per pound of chicken, you need to first find the value of $x$ (the number of weeks after July 1) when the two prices were equal.The prices were equal when $b=c$; that is, when $2.35+0.25x=1.75+0.40x$. $$2.35+0.25x=1.75+0.40x$$ You can find the value of x by reducing. $$2.35(−1.75)+0.25x=1.75(−1.75)+0.40x$$ $$0.6+0.25x=0.40x$$ $$0.6+0.25x(−0.25x)=0.40x(−0.25x)$$ $$0.60=0.15x$$ $$x={0.60}/{0.15}=4$$ Then, to determine b, the price per pound of beef, substitute 4 for $x$ in b=$2.35+0.25x$, which gives $b=2.35+0.25(4)=3.35$ dollars per pound. Therefore, D is the correct answer. When I initially attempted this problem, I didn't write anything down, and I accidentally added 1.75 to 2.35 instead of subtracting 1.75 from 2.35. Therefore, I got the wrong value for $x$, 27.33. Thankfully, when I plugged that into $b=2.35+0.25x$, I found thatmy answer wasn't one of the answer choices, so I caught my mistake. However, I'm lucky because I would have answered incorrectly otherwise. You don't want to miss questions because you didn’t write out all of the steps.This is arguably the easiest mistake to fix.Write out all your steps, and you’ll never accidentally get a question wrong because you skipped a step! Mistake 2: You Forgot Formulas The SAT gives you some formulas at the start of each Math section.However, the College Board doesn’t provide you with all of the formulas you need to know to answer every question in the SAT Math section. Luckily, here at PrepScholar, we’ve created a complete list of all the formulas you need to know for SAT Math.Create flashcards to help you memorize these formulas.However, memorizing alone is not enough.If you have the formulas memorized, but don’t know how to use the formulas, they’re useless to you. The best way to practice using formulas is to do as many SAT Math problems as you can. Let's work through this SAT Math question that you couldn’t answer without knowing formulas and how to apply them: If you didn't have your trigonometry formulas memorized (SOHCAHTOA), you would have no idea how to answer this question. It's impossible to answer this question without at least knowing the formulas for the sine and cosineof an angle. Memorizing formulas is not only necessary to answer certain questions correctly, but it can also be a time-saving shortcut. If you were a formula whiz and knewthe complementary angle relationship for sine and cosine, which is $sin(x °)=cos(90 °Ã¢Ë†â€™x °)$, you'd know immediately that the answer is $cos(90 °Ã¢Ë†â€™x °)={4}/{5}$ or $0.8$. However, if you didn't know that formula, but knew the sine and cosine formulas, you could stillsolve this problem by constructing a diagram using the given information.It’s a right triangle (which it has to be to use sine/cosine), and the sine of angle x is ${4}/{5}$. If $sin(x)={opposite side}/{hypotenuse}$,then the opposite side is 4 long and the hypotenuse is 5 long: Since two of the angles of the triangle are of measure $x$ and 90, the third angle must have the measure $180 °Ã¢Ë†â€™90 °Ã¢Ë†â€™x °=90 °Ã¢Ë†â€™x °$. If we know that $cosine={adjacent side}/{hypotenuse}$, then,using the figure, $cos(90 °Ã¢Ë†â€™x °)={4}/{5}$or $0.8$. SAT Math may make your brain hurt! Mistake 3: You Didn'tKnow Functions Functions are one of the trickiest topics in SAT Math.This is not because they'remore difficult than other topics, but rather students are simplyless familiar with functions than they are with other math concepts.The good news is that you'll easily master functions withpractice and familiarization. Let's work through thisSAT quadratic function question together: To figure outwhich answer choiceis the equation of the graph,you shouldstart by finding the y-intercept. Youcan see in this graph that the y-intercept is 2, which means you can eliminate C and E since C had a y-intercept of -2, and E has no y-intercept. The vertex of the graph is at $x=0$, so the function is not shifted to the right or left of the y-axis. This means that, in your quadratic equation $ax^2+bx+c$, your b value has to be 0. If it were anything other than 0, the graph would be shifted left or right of the y-axis. Let's look at the remaining answer choices, A, B, and D, to see which one had a b=0. A does so that might be the correct answer, but let's rule out B and D. Answer choices B and D are squaring expressions, so let's FOIL them in order to see the equation properly. Answer choice B gives us: $$y=(x+2)^2$$ $$y=(x+2)(x+2)$$ $$y=x^2+2x+2x+4$$ $$y=x^2+4x+4$$ This equation has b=4, not b=0, so it can't be the answer. You can also eliminate D; when foiled, it gives us: $$y=(x−2)^2$$ $$y=(x−2)(x−2)$$ $$y=x^2−4x+4, so b=-4$$ Therefore, A is the correct answer. If you're still struggling, check out our full guide to functions. Remember, you'll master functions with practice, so take as many SAT math practice tests as you can. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Mistake 4: You Panicked atan Unfamiliar Question Format SAT Math problems are often asked in strange waysthat you've never seen in math class. When confronted with these unfamiliar question formats, many students rush to move on to the next question thinking they'll come back to it, or they'll just try to guess the answer.Even though you’ve reviewed all of the math content areas and knew your stuff, you don't think you know how to answer the question. There is no easy solution to this issue.The only way to learn how to approach SAT Math questions is with practice. SAT Math questions are unlike the math questions you’re used to seeingin your math class, so to get familiar with the SAT Math question style, you should take as many practice SAT tests as you can. Let’s work through this convolutedSAT Math problem together: At first glance, this question looks overwhelming with a chart and a large paragraph. Don't let that scare you. Read carefully, and try to identify the important information as you read the question by circling or underling.Ask yourself: What am I solving for? What information am I given? How can I use this given information to find the solution? We're trying to find the probability that a right-handed student selected at random is female. We're told that there are 5 times as many right-handed females as there are left-handed females, and there are 9 times as many right-handed males as there are left-handed males. Also, we know the total number of left-handed students is 18, and the total number of right-handed students is 122. To solve this problem, you need to create a system of equations using two variables ($x$ and $y$) and the information you’re given in the question.Let $x$ be the number of left-handed female students and let $y$ be the number of left-handed male students. Using the information in the question, the number of right-handed female students will be $5x$ (since there are 5 times as many right-hand females as there are left-handed females) and the number of right-handed male students will be $9y$ (since there are 9 times as many right-hand males as there are left-handed males) . Since the total number of left-handed students is 18 and the total number of right-handed students is 122, the system of equations below must be true: $$x+y=18$$ $$5x+9y=122$$ When you solve this system of equations, you get $x=10$ and $y=8$.Thus, 50 of the 122 right-handed students are female.Therefore, the probability that a right-handed student selected at random is female is ${50}/{122}$, which to the nearest thousandth is $0.410$.The final answer is A. Don't run away from a weird question! Mistake 5: You Solved for the Wrong Value Because SAT Math questions can be convoluted, it's sometimes difficult to figure out what the question is asking you, which leads some students to solvefor the wrong value.Take for example this SAT Math question: This question throws a lot of numbers and letters at you. It gives you angle and side measures and mentions a similar triangle. Some students might accidentally solve forthe measure of the sides of DEF. Don't let the numbers and letters distract you. Make sure to identify what you're being asked: what is the valueof$sin F$? To find$sin F$, we need to start with thegiven information: Triangle ABC is a right triangle with right angle B.Therefore, AC is the hypotenuse of right triangle ABC, and AB and BC are the legs of right triangle ABC. According to the Pythagorean theorem, $$AB=√{(20^2)-(16^2)}=√{(400)-(256)}=√{144}=12$$ Since triangle DEF is similar to triangle ABC, with vertex F corresponding to vertex C, the measure of angle F equals the measure of angle C. Therefore, $sinF=sin C$, and $sinF={3}/{5}$.The final answer is ${3}/{5}$or $.6$. This problem has an easy fix: take the time to read the question fully, circle the important information, and make sure you know what you’rebeing asked before you start doing any work. I know you don’t have a lot of time on the SAT Math section (that was one of the chief complaints from the new SAT test-takers), but you need to read each question completely and make sure that you know what you’re being asked.You’ll get better at this with practice. Most SAT Math questions will have an answer choice that will seem correct if you misread the question.I know it’s rude and sneaky; the SAT is trying to tempt you to answer incorrectly.Don’t fall prey to the tricks! Read the question correctly, and you’ll be on the track to get the right answer! Mistake 6: You Used Your Calculator Incorrectly Calculators are both wonderful and horrible.You only get to use your calculator on one part of the SAT Math section, but for that part, you need to use your calculator carefully.When you’re rushing to answer SAT Math problems, you might accidentallytype the wrong number(s) into your calculator, leading you to the wrong answer. This isone of the better mistakes to make. Because if you type the wrong number(s) into your calculator, you’ll likely find no matching answer in the SAT answer choices, andyou’ll realize you made an error.However, even if you catch the error, you’ve still wasted valuable time that you could have been using to answer more SAT Math questions. Moral of the story: take the time to check that you’ve copied the numbers into your calculator correctly before running the calculation. Don't let your calculator become your enemy! Mistake 7: You Didn’t Pace Yourself With only 25 minutes to answer 20 questions in the no-calculator section and only 55 minutes to answer 30 questions in the calculator section, you need to learn to pace yourself.However, not every student should attempt the same pacing. You should plan your pacing based on your target SAT score. In both math sections, the questions progress from easy to hard and then re-set on the grid-in portion from easy to hard. No matter what your target score is, you should always attempt the easier questions: the first half of the multiple choice and grid-ins. If you're aiming for a Math section score above 700,then you're going to need to answer all or almost all of the 58 Math questions. That means you will need to get your pacing under oneminute per question for the easier questions to conserve time for the harder questions. If you're aiming for a Math section score below 700, then you can skip some questions.Focusyour time on trying to answer the easier questions correctly (the beginning questions of the multiple-choice and grid-ins).Consider bubbling in a random letterfor the harder questions since there is nopenalty for guessing. Note: if you use this strategy, make sure that you’re answering enough questions to reachyour target score.No one is perfect, so count on answering a few questions incorrectly. For example, if you’re aiming for 600 in Math, then you shouldattempt at least 45 questions before bubblingin random answers for the other 13 questions. That way, if you answer five of the 45 incorrectly, you can still get 600. Give yourself acushion. To really master yourpacing on the SAT Math section, you need to take a lot of practice tests under realistic testing conditions.For a more in-depth explanation on pacing, check out our guide to help you beat the clock and maximize your SAT math score. What’s Next? Now that you know the most common mistakes on SAT mathmake sure you’re prepared for all of the math topics you'll see on the SAT.All of our math guides will take you through strategies and practice problems for all the topics covered on the math section, from trig to radians, coordinate geometry to systems of equations and much more. Feeling anxious about test day? Make sure you know exactly what to do and bring to ease your mind and settle your nerves before it's time to take your SAT. Angling to get a perfect score? Check out our guide to getting a perfect 800, written by a perfect-scorer. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math strategy guide, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Ehret.Marcia and Creation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ehret.Marcia and Creation - Essay Example There could be two major audiences. First, we are told that God used the pronoun ‘us’ in saying â€Å"Let us create man in our own image†. The first audience therefore were the supposedly accomplishes (Angels and Jesus) with whom God created the universe and humankind. The second audience however is the people ‘They’ were creating. It was to be a living legacy to enable humankind know his roots and origin. There are 2 accts of creation in Genesis because there were two classes of creatures (Breeden, 2011). First, the universe and secondly humankind. God grouped His creation into these groups and the latter was to have dominion over the former. It is for the reason of such groupings that there are different accounts. Breeden T. ‘Two Different Creation Accounts in Genesis 1 & 2? Or Two Complementary  Accounts?’ http://siriusknotts.wordpress.com/2011/03/20/two-different-creation-accounts-in-genesis-1-2-or-two-complementary-accounts/ . 2011. Web. July 4,

Birth Control In South Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Birth Control In South Africa - Essay Example No stepping-stones. Summer Winter" Located in the southern tip of African continent, South Africa, known as South African Republic till recently, has mixed racial background of whites, blacks and Indians. It was discovered by Europeans during the age of discovery competition among European powers. Both Archbishop Tutu and President Mandela called South Africa as The Rainbow Nation. Country has world renowned archaeological sites and fossil wealth at Sterkfontein, Makapansgat and Kromdraai which has given the world homos, homo habilis and homo erectus etc. It presents the most fascinating tapestry patterns of human struggles and endeavors, where almost all the stages and results are visible. The Portuguese, Dutch, and British competed for supremacy that slowly paved way to practice of severe apartheid that the world abhorred for decades. Workers came from countries like India, Madagascar and Indonesia, who are called Cape Malays now. Great Britain defeated the rest of European powers, especially Dutch, and after 1860, finding diamonds and gold became the main cause of greater potential and resulting immigration. "The South African whites must either be embarrassingly stupid of Machiavellian;there are nine million Africans against their three million; how do they propose - in a democratic arrangement - to balance this numerical superiority" asks Modisane (1963, p.239).

Women’s Movement 1848-1970’s Essay Example for Free

Women’s Movement 1848-1970’s Essay Women have been â€Å"pushing† for equal rights, for a countless amount of time. Even before the United States â€Å"broke-free† of Great Britain, women have been trying to â€Å"gain† the equivalent rights granted to men. This essay focuses upon the women’s advancement for equal rights in the United States starting from the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention, thru the 1970s.The Seneca Falls Convention (July 19-20, 1848) is known as the first Women’s Rights Convention to have ever taken place. This convention was organized by Women’s Rights Activists (as well as Antislavery activists) Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Lucretia Mott. According to Stanton, the ultimate goal of this convention was to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and right[s] of woman. Neither Mott nor Stanton expected the ‘rally’ to have many visitors, however they were completely wrong. Their convention surprisingly had over 300 supporters. This proved that it was a highly valued topic amongst women in the United States. The Seneca Falls Convention marked the beginning of women organizing to ‘fight’ for their own rights / personal liberty. Two (2) years after the convention in 1850 the second women’s movement convention was held in Salem, Ohio, and 1850 was also the year for the first national women’s right convention which was held in Worcester, Massachusetts. Similar conventions regarding the women’s movement were held annually up to the Civil War Era. During the Civil War, many women’s rights conventions and activists put aside their movement to assist in the war effort. Many women took over the male’s role in society, while they were off fighting in the Civil War. After the war, while the United States was undergoing a period of reformation, Women begin to start organizing conventions, as they did before the war, and in 1867, Susan B. Anthony formed the Equal Rights Association, which worked for universal suffrage. This marks the time period when women began to push for women’s suffrage-the right to vote. Shortly after the establishment of the Equal Rights Association, the fourteenth amendment was ratified, and the fifteenth amendment passed Congress, giving the right to vote to black men. Women petitioned to be included but are ultimately turned down. The New England Woman Suffrage Association was formed (1868). In 1869, Women’s Rights activist Elizabeth Cady Stanton forms, and leads the National Woman Suffrage Association. Women finally begin to succeed with their suffrage movement when Wyoming Territory grants women’s suffrage, and allows women to hold elected positions. As time continued, it became increasingly harder for women to voice their concerns, mainly because males began to fight back. An example of this is the National Anti-Suffrage Association formed in 1871, or the multiple arrests, and imprisonment of women’s rights activists. Despite these hard times, women began to gradually move forward with their protests. Several laws and governmental programs assisted the women’s movement, and many controversial federal policies were either ratified, or became a decision on a local scale. The major component women’s movement, the suffrage movement came to an end August 18, 1920 with the passage of the 19th amendment which granted suffrage to women. Women strongly pushed for more equivalent rights, until the 1970s when legally declared equal, when all the U.S. amendments were finally to apply to all citizens, which included women. In conclusion, the woman’s movement was a slow and painful, but greatly appreciated movement which clearly showed off what freedom allows us to do. Gradually through time, as outlined in this essay, women were able to freely organize, gather, and protest / push for their voices to be heard. In doing so, Activists such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony fixed some major flaws with the ‘law of the land’, and because of them, the praise ‘All men and women are created equal’, has moved from being fiction, to becoming and remaining fact.

Preparing Women for Public Leadership: Programs and Strategies Essay

Preparing Women for Public Leadership: Programs and Strategies While we know that women are underrepresented in all facets of public leadership – from political to corporate and local to global – we have a particularly compelling reason to explore this issue in our immediate regional context. Pennsylvania ranks 44th out of the 50 states (CAWP, 2003) in women’s political participation and serves as an excellent local example of the need to empower more women and to change the climate in which they attempt to practice leadership. The Pennsylvania Center for Women, Politics, and Public Policy (PCWPPP) was created in 1998, through a seed grant, to address this historic under-representation and to provide programs to increase the level of political participation of women in Pennsylvania through education, public service, and research. Over the past five years, hundreds of women have attended Center-sponsored programs and activities, including the NEW Leadership Institute, while others from across the state have participated in the e-MERGING Leaders electronic mentoring program. More specifically, current PCWPPP activities include public leadership and political training seminars for college women, candidate training, a fellow-in-residence program, topical lectures for the campus community and the public, data collection about women, sponsorship of Washington D.C. seminars on women and public policy for which students earn academic credit, the Conversations with Women in Politics and Public Policy lecture series, voting drives, and a variety of community partnerships. This paper sets the political and academic context for such programming, examines three programs that we believe meet the multiple of objectives of serving stude... ...cago Press. Tamerius, K. (1995). Sex, Gender, and Leadership in the Representation of Women. In G. Duerst-Lahti & R. M. Kelly (Eds.), Gender, Power, Leadership, and Governance. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. Thomas, S. & Welch, S. (1991). The Impact of Gender on Activities and Priorities of State Legislators. Western Political Quarterly, 44, 445-456. Thomas, S. (1997). Why Gender Matters: The Perceptions of Women Officeholders. Women & Politics, 17, 27-54. Walker, T. (2000). The Service/Politics Split: Rethinking Service to Teach Political Engagement. PS: Political Science & Politics, 33, 647-649. Wolbrecht, C. (2000). The Politics of Women’s Rights. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Wolbrecht, C. (2002). The Politics of Women’s Rights. In K. O’Connor (Ed.), Women and Congress: Running, Winning, and Ruling. New York: New Haven Press.

Collaborative Fund-Raising Activity Essay

The strategies that I feel that will solve the funding needs for Phoenix Homeless Agency (PHA) the best is having volunteers, having different type of fundraisers, and accepting donations of any amount. The reason for these three is because they are a more successful way of solving the struggle the agency having. Having volunteers will allow the help of volunteered peers that are concerned and willing to help out to continue providing job counseling to qualify recipients. They will help to get the word around by doing things that the agency would want or maybe what they suggest to help out that will make the agency successful. By having many different fundraisers will set a great deed for making money to uphold a quality that the agency require by doing fundraisers the community may enjoy attending to. Examples of some of the different fundraisers people may enjoy that I would consider are bake sales, auctions, garage sales, or even something like a kids/parent night. Successfully raising large amounts of money requires a focused, strategic effort involving careful planning and coordination. Taking donations is a common strategy to use by raising money because you appreciate whatever that is offered by anyone that will help when you are in need of help because everything helps if it is not much. Cash donations are a straightforward strategy because many will use it as a tax deduction because cash contributions can be claimed for a tax deduction up to fifty percent on their modified adjusted gross income.

Decision making Essay

Overview My experience in the business world has shown a variety of ethical decision making practices. The beauty industry has a somewhat skewed view of ethics as it appeals to the vanity and esteem of consumers around the world. The health care industry must provide health care to its customers yet maintain the business with the goals of making a profit. Yale University is known for its research in the fields of science and medical technology. All these companies practice ethics, but view ethical behavior in a different way. This paper will explore the definition and principles of ethics and discuss the impact of ethics on the decision making process in the work place. Definition Pearson Custom Publishing (Pearson, 1998-2002) defines ethics as the â€Å"standards of conduct and moral judgment. † Markula Center for Applied Ethics (1995-1998) defines ethics as those standards that compel one to refrain from committing crimes against another person such as stealing, murder, assault, slander, and fraud. It is also the standards that encourage honesty, integrity, compassion and loyalty. Ethics is not a religious principle, nor is it based on â€Å"feelings† about a particular problem. It cannot be defined as a legal practice because laws are created to protect rights, not manage ethical principles. While the definition may seem clear, ethics as a practice is somewhat ambiguous since interpretation plays a big part in how people perceive right from wrong. The Markala Center for Applied Ethics (1995-1998) states that in order to understand the meaning of ethics we must find answers the following questions, â€Å"According to what standards are these actions right or wrong? What character traits (like honesty, compassion, fairness) are necessary to live a truly human life? † Defining ethics is relatively easy compared to practicing ethics in the work place. Since the primary concern of most businesses is the bottom line, the ethical views may differ based on the type of business. Ethical views of employees may also differ from the views of the company. This can cause conflict among workers and management as companies strive to improve the bottom line. Personal ethics may be compromised in an effort to keep a job. In business, what are the ground rules? Since ethics is not an exact science it is easy believe that if it is legal it is ethical and therefore acceptable. This is not always the case and recent examples of Enron and Microsoft prove this point. Enron has shown us that greed can interfere with good judgment and the impact of their decisions was grave. Microsoft is another company whose ethics have been questioned as it strives to maintain its place as the software giant. Is it unethical for Microsoft to work towards the demise of its competitor Netscape? Or is this the normal competitive spirit. Another good example is the beauty industry that built a billion dollar business convincing consumers that cosmetics and perfumes will make them perform better, become more powerful and/or more popular if the products are used. Is this behavior legal, yes. Ethical, well, that is questionable and based on personal interpretation. So how can ethical behavior be judged? Markala Center for Applied Ethics (1999) provides the following questions to help us more clearly ascertain ethical behavior. â€Å"Is there something wrong personally, interpersonally, or socially? Is there conflict that could be damaging to people?to animals or the environment? to institutions? to society? Does the issue go deeper than legal or institutional concerns? What does it do to people as persons who have dignity, rights, and hopes for a better life together? â€Å" These questions will help us to get the facts necessary to understand the problem, but we also need to know the values. Markula Center for Applied Ethics (1995-1998) suggests asking these additional questions to further determine values; â€Å"Is the solution to this problem for the common good of the community? Does it violate any rights? Is it fair and non-discriminatory? Will it benefit the majority of the people? † So when a problem occurs that requires a solution, it is necessary to review these questions and ask ourselves, based on a desired approach, if the outcome is ethical. This can be a difficult decision since often there is clearly no right or wrong answer. How could ethics benefit the decision making process? Incorporating ethics in the decision making process could making the process easier or more difficult. Easier by providing an additional layer that would justify a difficult decision based on whether it was ethically right or wrong. Ethics could make the decision making process easier by helping to eliminate choices that would not benefit all parties involved. For instance, let’s say there is a company who produces steel wires for construction projects. They need to build a larger factory in order to keep up with the demand. They are a fairly small operation, but complex in that they use dangerous chemicals in the finishing of their products. They have found a couple of locations which meet their needs; one in a location that is isolated a far from any residential areas, the other is located directly on a river that flows into a lake used for recreational purposes. The first location is considerably cheaper and would add an additional 30 minutes to the current employees commute. The second is closer and less expensive. In making the decision on where to build, management must consider the ethical ramifications to the environment. If they were to build near the river there would be a chance of chemical run off that would pollute the river and ultimately the lake. The use of ethics in the decision making process would make it easier to eliminate this location as an option and help to justify the additional expense and commute. Ethics could also make the decision making process harder by adding another layer of complexity to the problem. Take for instance, the issue of stem cell research. The research is performed on human embryos which some say is an unethical practice. Others say that using stem cells for research will make technological advances in medicine that cannot be achieved in other ways. These groups are opposed to the ban on federal funding for research that involved human embryo research (Coalition of Americans for Research Ethics). In the meantime, there are many diseases in which the cure points to more search in the area of stem cells. This research could help to save lives, but it is being held up due to the ethical beliefs of opposing parties. How should ethics be used in business? Ethical decision making should be a method by which decisions are made for the good of all people. Ethics should provide a code of behavior that is used as a base for all decision making. They should provide specific guidelines that ensure that decisions are always made in the interest of helping or protecting the rights of people. Many professional groups had specific practices by which they are expected to adhere as stated by Larry Colero of the U. B.C. Centre for Applied Ethics; â€Å"professional associations have codes of ethics that prescribe required behavior within the context of a professional practice such as medicine, law, accounting, or engineering. † These types of associations lay the ground rules in the decision making process. What are the ethical implications of the decision? Ethical implications in the decision making process could have a positive and negative outcome. I do believe that if a decision is not made in an ethical manner, the outcome will be negative. Using ethical decision making will most likely provide a positive outcome. Although it may not benefit the bottom line, it will surely benefit the community and the company long term. The negative implications come from situations where the decision is made without consideration for ethics. A sales person who is desperate to make quota for the quarter sells a product to the customer even though the customer does not need the product at this time. The customer may feel that the sales person does not have their best interest in heart and take their business elsewhere. Initially, the sales person benefited from an unethical decision, but in the long run, this type of decision making did not pay off. From a positive perspective, if the sales person had used ethical decision making, his sales may have increased not only through this one particular customer, but also from referrals due to the excellent customer service he/she had provided. Initially, the numbers may not have been satisfactory, but the long term results might have overcome the initial down turn. Conclusion Utilizing the principles of ethics in the decision making process will help to ensure that decisions made are fair and respect the rights of those parties involved. Unfortunately, ethical decision making is only as morally sound as the person making the decision. If the person making the decision is does not live by an ethical code, the decision will be swayed in the direction of that belief. Therefore, in order to make sound ethical decisions, decision makers must constantly evaluate their own beliefs and strive to live in an ethical manner. References Coalition of Americans for Research Ethics, (n. d. ), On human embryos and stem cell research: An appeal for legally and ethically responsible science and public policy. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: May 18, 2002 http://www. stemcellresearch. org/statement/statement. htm Colero, L. , (n. d. ) A framework for universal principles of ethics. Retrieved from the World Wide Web. May 18, 2002 http://www. ethics. ubc. ca/papers/invited/colero. html Pearson Custom Publishing, (1999-2002) Ethics. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: May 15, 2002 http://www. pearsoncustom. com/link/humanities/philosophy/crithink/ethics. html Markula Center for Applied Ethics, (1995-1998) A framework for ethical decision making. Retrieved from the World Wide Web. May 15, 2002. http://www. scu. edu/SCU/Centers/Ethics/practicing/deci3sion/framework. html.

Free Essays on Allergies

It is in all likelihood a sinus infection - sinusitis in medical parlance, an ailment that afflicts an about 37 million Americans each year, that is now soaring in prevalence and that is the fifth most common reason for which antibiotics are prescribed. But, experts say, in many cases that prescription is inappropriate and ill-advised, and this misuse of antibiotics is contributing to a growing medical crisis: antibiotic resistance among common bacterial causes of respiratory infections. Sinus infections actually know no seasons, but as the weather cools and upper respiratory infections race through families, friends and work sites, the chance that one or more people will wind up with sinusitis sharply increases. Thus, it is important for everyone to know when to suspect sinusitis, when and how to self-treat and when a doctor's visit and antibiotics are warranted. Causes, Signs and Symptoms Sinusitis is an infection in one or more of the sinus cavities, the air-filled spaces in the front of the skull that keep the head from being too heavy to hold up. There are four sets of sinus cavities located behind and around the nose and eyes. Three of those sets - the maxillaries inside each cheekbone, the ethmoids between the eyes and the spenoids behind the nose - are present at birth but do not develop fully until about the age of 20. The fourth set, the frontal sinuses above the eyes and nose and behind the forehead, does not begin to develop until about the age of 8. Each sinus cavity is connected to the nasal passages by a very thin tube that allows mucus to drain and air exchange to take place. An upper respiratory infection or nasal allergy can block drainage from a sinus cavity and permit a bacterial infection to take hold in the accumulating mucus. Typical symptoms of a bacterial sinus infection include nasal congestion, globs of thick yellow-green mucus, facial pain or pressure, sometimes pain in the upper teeth and a low-gr... Free Essays on Allergies Free Essays on Allergies It is in all likelihood a sinus infection - sinusitis in medical parlance, an ailment that afflicts an about 37 million Americans each year, that is now soaring in prevalence and that is the fifth most common reason for which antibiotics are prescribed. But, experts say, in many cases that prescription is inappropriate and ill-advised, and this misuse of antibiotics is contributing to a growing medical crisis: antibiotic resistance among common bacterial causes of respiratory infections. Sinus infections actually know no seasons, but as the weather cools and upper respiratory infections race through families, friends and work sites, the chance that one or more people will wind up with sinusitis sharply increases. Thus, it is important for everyone to know when to suspect sinusitis, when and how to self-treat and when a doctor's visit and antibiotics are warranted. Causes, Signs and Symptoms Sinusitis is an infection in one or more of the sinus cavities, the air-filled spaces in the front of the skull that keep the head from being too heavy to hold up. There are four sets of sinus cavities located behind and around the nose and eyes. Three of those sets - the maxillaries inside each cheekbone, the ethmoids between the eyes and the spenoids behind the nose - are present at birth but do not develop fully until about the age of 20. The fourth set, the frontal sinuses above the eyes and nose and behind the forehead, does not begin to develop until about the age of 8. Each sinus cavity is connected to the nasal passages by a very thin tube that allows mucus to drain and air exchange to take place. An upper respiratory infection or nasal allergy can block drainage from a sinus cavity and permit a bacterial infection to take hold in the accumulating mucus. Typical symptoms of a bacterial sinus infection include nasal congestion, globs of thick yellow-green mucus, facial pain or pressure, sometimes pain in the upper teeth and a low-gr...

Declaration of Independence

Declaration of Independence Introduction King George III was in charge of the British Monarch when Britain’s power was unmatched (Brooke, 1972). New lands were discovered and the empire set up colonies virtually everywhere in the world. Thomas Jefferson in making the case for American independence listed a number of abuses by the King on the colonies that he believed gave impetus to the struggle for American independence (Bernsten, 2005, p. 78).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Declaration of Independence- Constitution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Jefferson said that the abuses had been aimed at the colonies for purposes of establishing tyrannical government in North America. Some of the abuses that King George is accused of committing involve taxation with little representation, the sugar act, the tea act, and the quartering act. Abuses Jefferson listed 27 abuses that the thirteen colonies suffered under the monarchy. The fi rst twelve abuses dealt with the denial of the colonies of the right to establish representative governments. He did so by the rejection of the laws proposed by the colonies. The king directed the dissolution of colonial bodies of representation and in their place took the ministers. He also increased his meddling in the judicial process as well as the rights of the colonies. He was also accused of exalting the power of the military over civilian besides forcing civilians to support the military (Bernsten, 2005, p. 98). Thirteen to 22 abuses describe in detail the use of parliament by the King to destroy the colonies’ right to independence. Parliament under the Kings guidance enacted laws that were unfriendly to the colonies according to Jefferson. The taxes levied taxes that discouraged trade, quartered troops, and levied taxes without colonial authority approval. Some of the legislations had taken away judicial freedom and the right to be tried by a jury. The other five abu ses according to Jefferson included the use of military force by the King on the colonies. The King unleashed his army and hired mercenaries on the colonies, destroyed the colonies ships and assets and kidnapped the citizen and forced then to compulsory British military service. Amendments In the new republic, the American constitution sought to prevent the occurrence of such acts by pursuing the doctrine of the separation of power. The doctrine advocates for the separation and independence of the legislature, executive judiciary branches of government (Pendergast, et al. 2001, p. 100).Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was done primarily to stop the abuse of power as had been witnessed during King George’s time. The drafters of the constitution envisioned the system as one that would have introduced them necessary checks and balances that were crucial for t he prevention of abuse of power. The first ten amendments addressed the issues that had led to the abused witnessed during King George’s time (Pendergast, et al. 2001, p. 80). These included the freedom of religion, press, assembly, and petition. There was also the right to posse’s arms, lodging soldiers in private homes, resumption of jury trials, reservation of power to the states, no unreasonable search and seizure, no cruel punishment and the enumerated rights. Role of ethics The US constitution is hyped as the greatest document that human beings have ever written (Williams, 2004, p. 35). It could not be great were it not for the ethics that governed the process and the people involved. The founding fathers of the nation including Adams and Jefferson were guided by principles that were characterized by selflessness. Ethics ensured the documents that were drafted were all-encompassing and applied to all of the United States. Ethics also helped in guiding the foundli ng fathers to avoid the mistakes that had been committed the King. References Bernsten, J.T. (2005). Thomas Jefferson. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Brook, J. (1972). King George III. London: McGraw-Hill. Pendergast et al. (2001). Constitutional Amendments: Amendments 18-26, and the un-ratified amendments. New York: UXL.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Declaration of Independence- Constitution specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Williams, J. K. (2004). The U.S. Constitution. New York: Compass point books. declaration of independence Most of the changes made to the declaration of independence were made for political reasons. The United States did not want to jeopardize their possible future relations with Britain. They also did not want the British people (most likely their descendents) to be angry with them. The writers of the Declaration of Independence also made sure that they said He when they stated the reasons they felt they deserved The first section of the Declaration of Independence was revised to give the justification for the Declaration of Independence's existence. It says that when a nation is created, it owes world opinion an explanation why it is rejecting its former system of government. The paragraph states three main ideas. The phrase "it becomes necessary" ( ) is the first of countless reasons why the colonies have no choice but to separate. The second point is that the people, not government, of the colonies are ending the relationship with the British. It was revised to make is clear that it was the will of the people to end the relationship. The third point that a new nation (The United States) is entitled to the same respect and authority ("separate and equal station") The middle of the Declaration of Independence is a list of charges against the King made by the colonists. The colonists made the charges seem they were mad at their king as well as the British. All of these were revised out so they charges were only against the king. The reason that this was do was because the colonists did not want to make the British people mad at them because then they would be more willing to go to The declaration then concludes by relying on God (Divine Providence) to protect the colonies in their fight for independence. The last paragraph at first seems a little hollow so it was revisited to seem stronge

Briefly elaborate what this expressionist form consists of and how it Essay

Briefly elaborate what this expressionist form consists of and how it reflects the movement as a whole. Then relate these genera - Essay Example Moreover, it is depicted as choosing the subject matter of spiritual reclamation and using an oratorical tone. In reality, expressionism combined realist and symbolist objects and its transcendental instruments provided an intuition into the social and historical elements (Bronner & Kellner, 4). Expressionism has often been characterized based on the analytical and abstract proclamations of expressionist artists and literarians. In truth, the novel and modernistic art movements that prospered in Europe resulted in various confused ideas and beliefs that had been associated with the movement but had nothing to do with the art. Expressionism gained a significant artistic revolution after it rationalized its importance by proclaiming its profound unconventionality. The movement was further promoted by expressionist artists, literati, and publicists. It soon gained recognition due to its abstract writing and legitimating theories. Geoffrey Perkins also describes these as being the reason s for its demise. The â€Å"two Expressionisms† theory developed by Wolfgang Paulsen divides expressionism into two stages. It explains the distinction of each stage, the first one being detracting and extremely creative and the second one being unsophisticated, vocal and politically active stage. However, there are various contradictory trends in the movement which make it difficult to place them into distinct stages for example, â€Å"naive† and â€Å"sophisticated†, â€Å"rhetorical† and â€Å"formal†, and â€Å"artistic† and â€Å"political† (Bronner & Kellner, 5). The presence of the two extreme tendencies of artistic and political, and rhetorical and formal in the same works makes the segregation of expressionism into two categories unattainable. Expressionism has an inconsistent culture. The lack of homogeneity of expressionist rebellions allows inaccurate assumptions to be made. Despite difficulties in defining expressionism, this art movement has been influenced by the social conditions and the cultural traditions that existed in Germany during that time. Nietzsche’s powerful significance in Germany had a great impact on expressionism. Expressionist art was also influenced by romanticism, gothic, and baroque styles of painting (Bronner & Kellner, 7). The zeal and dissatisfaction of expressionist spurred them to demand novel forms of expressions thereby resulting in modernization. Expressionism is therefore a crucial source of knowledge illustrating subjectivity through its paradoxical attempts (Bronner & Kellner, 31). The film The Cabinet of Doctor Caligari was written by two authors, Hans Janowitz ad Carl Mayer. The story was influenced by an event Janowitz experienced before World War I near Holstenwall. In trying to find an inspiration, he followed the path of a girl’s laugh which seemed to taper off behind a shrubbery. Few minutes later a dark bourgeois man passed him and the next day a murder in Holstenwall made the headlines (Kracauer, 1). The story of the film is therefore located in Holstenwall where a fair moves. It is also important to note that Janowitz had served as an officer in the regiment during World War I and had returned developing a sense of hatred for the authority that resulted in the deaths of millions of people. After both the authors had written the manuscript they were stuck at the name of the

Compare and Contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Compare and Contrast - Essay Example Among these buildings are the Glasgow School of Art by Charles and the Palais Stoclet by Josef. Adolf Stoclet chose Josef to design his house with the help of other designers and artists. Together, they formed a group known as Vienna Sezession (Till 28). The Stoclrt palace was built between 1905 and 1911 and is still considered as the one of the world’s most luxurious private houses in the 20th century. It was built for and is still occupied by the Stoclet family. The palace was built on Avenue de Tervueren in Woluwe Saint-Pierre municipal. It is considered to be one of the most modern buildings consisting of rectangular blocks and underlying corners and lines. The windows of this palace are artistic in nature, giving way to the rays of the sun just at the break of dawn and a spectacular view of the surroundings from the inside. Along its staircase are four nude male bronze sculptures that were designed by Franz Metzner. The roof is more conservatory in nature yet they complem ent the modernity of the building as a whole. When viewed from the street, the palace appears to be a gray facade hiding behind thick hedges. Its windows seem to hide the real beauty of the house while at the same time offering an essential view of the outside world to those in the house. The interior of the building offers a sense of comfort and relaxation to its owners due to the light fittings, convenient doors as well as the upright furniture that helps to bring out order while avoiding clutter and clumsiness (Till 27). The interior decorations are made up of marble panels and artworks. In particular, the dining room is made up of mosaic friezes as proposed by Gustav Klimt. Klimt came up with a dazzling marble mosaic that encircled a dining table with 24 chairs. The room was lit using chandeliers. There are also silver candleholders that are studded with malachite cabochons and carefully placed on ebony sideboards to add to the beauty of the room. The dining room also consists o f 20-foot murals that are mosaic in nature and add to the spectacular artistic view of the entire house. The master bedroom comprises of adouble curve ceiling that drapes over the wooden cocoon that the stoclets slept in during their life time. In the middle of the master bathroom, there is a raised platform that holds a bathtub that is hoolwed from a solid block of marble stone (Till 8 ). A closer view of the bathroom walls shows mosaic fish seemingly swimming on the walls. The living room is also lit using well designed chandeliers and huge glass-paned windows. There are long standing curves that seem to support the upper part of thehouse yet they are a decoration to the living room. Marble benches arranged in the rom of a fountain add to the great inner decor of the house. The Glasgow School of Art was founded in 1845 but in 1897 Charles Rennie Mackintosh oversaw the building of the school at a different location (Till 21). Due to financial constraints, the building was construct ed in two phases: from 1897-1899 and 1907-1909. Unlike the Stoclet palace that is built as a family dwelling, the Glasgow building is used as a school for art lovers. For this reason, it consists of three academies; the Mackintosh School of Architecture, School of Design and School of Fine Art. As a result, the school is open to the public for the viewing of art exhibitions done by the students. The completed building is a high-towered rectangular block with almost no decorations yet it stands out

Untying the Knot by Melanie Thernstrom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Untying the Knot by Melanie Thernstrom - Essay Example Monetary concerns played vital role for the outcome of their 11 years of marriage. The couple. Kate is an impulsive career-oriented woman who is not afraid of risks in whatever decision she might come up to, who happened to be wed to Max, a controlling man who preferred art rather than increase of salary. It's surprising to know that in eleven years of marriage none of the couple adjusted to one's flaw in order for the marriage to last. Though it seems that Kate did submit herself to her husband's term, it was her character as financially domineering in the marriage that held her back for total submission or to give way. It always boiled down to financial reason. Her impulsiveness often resulted in disappointments, and the result of her marriage to Max is a failure as expected. Was the marriage salvageable The former couple (not yet married at that time) was revealed as vacationing at the Costa Rica, where they had a serious argument for looking at different birds in the same tree. This incident depicted the seriousness of their indifferences to prolong being tied in a commitment. It was stated that Max still longed for reconciliation; the only problem is that, lately, they both realized that Kate doesn't wanted to get married not only to Max, but to anybody else. She longs for freedom and always had preferred it all along unconsciously.